Metformin (Glucophage and ), Subscriberx.com:" • Metformin is used to regulate blood glucose (sugar) levels. Metformin works in three ways: first, it reduces the amount of glucose produced by your liver; second, it reduces the amount of glucose absorbed from food through your stomach; and third, it makes the insulin that your body produces work better to reduce the amount of glucose already in your blood. • Metformin is used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM or Type II diabetes)."
http://www.subscriberx.com/.SRX/Service=srxleaflet$function

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Metformin (Glucophage), Rxlist.com:" Metformin HCl, as monotherapy, is indicated as an adjunct to diet to lower blood glucose in patients with NIDDM whose hyperglycemia cannot be satisfactorily managed on diet alone. In initiating treatment for NIDDM, diet should be emphasized as the primary form of treatment. Caloric restriction and weight loss are essential in the obese diabetic patient. Proper dietary management alone may be effective in controlling the blood glucose and symptoms of hyperglycemia. Loss of blood glucose control in diet-managed patients may be transient, thus requiring only short-term pharmacologic therapy. The importance of regular physical activity should also be stressed, and cardiovascular risk factors should be identified and corrective measures taken where possible. If this treatment program fails to reduce symptoms and/or blood glucose, the use of metformin HCl alone or metformin HCl plus a sulfonylurea should be considered. The usual starting dose of metformin HCl 500 mg tablets is one tablet b.i.d., given with the morning and evening meals."
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/metformi_ids.htm

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Metformin (Glucophag and GlucophagXR), BristolMyersSquibb Co.:"GLUCOPHAGE XR is an extended-release pill, available in 500 mg tablets, that provides long-lasting blood sugar control and can be taken once daily. GLUCOPHAGE XR works to control your blood sugar by:helping your body to respond more efficiently to the insulin it makes naturally, decreasing the amount of sugar your liver makes and decreasing the amount of sugar your intestines absorb. GLUCOPHAGE XR and GLUCOPHAGE® (metformin hydrochloride) have the same active ingredient; however, GLUCOPHAGE XR works for a longer period of time in your body than GLUCOPHAGE. Thus, while GLUCOPHAGE must usually be taken two or more times a day, GLUCOPHAGE XR is generally taken once a day."
http://www.glucophagexr.com/glucophagexr/channels.jsp?BV_SessionID=@@@@0300932013.1017869501@@@@&BV_EngineID=ccccadcejlehmigcfkjcemndfnidfig.0&channelId=-1073750067&channelPage=/channels.jsp

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Metformin(Glucophag), Diabetes Review:"Metformin is a biguanide that has been used worldwide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes for the past 4 decades. It improves glycemic control by enhancing insulin sensitivity in liver and muscle. Metformin does not stimulate insulin secretion and therefore is not associated with hypoglycemia. Improved metabolic control with metformin does not induce weight gain and may cause weight loss. Metformin also has a beneficial effect on several cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidemia, elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels, other fibrinolytic abnormalities, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. While metformin reduces insulin resistance, the cellular mechanism of action is incompletely understood."
http://www.diabetes.org/DiabetesReviews/v6n298/pg89.htm

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Metformin(Glucophag),NIDDK: "Metformin can cause side effects such as nausea, stomach pain, bloating, and diarrhea. These side effects usually go away soon after the metformin is started and occur less often if metformin is taken with food. Another possible problem with metformin is a rare but serious condition called lactic acidosis, when your tissues do not get enough oxygen to survive. To avoid this problem, metformin should not be given to people with kidney or liver disease, severe heart failure, or a history of alcohol abuse."
http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/diabetes/summary/metform/metform.htm

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Metformin(Glucophag),Jewish Hospital, Cholesteral Center:"Metformin therapy thus has two major effects: 1) It reverses the endocrinopathy of PCOS, allowing normal menses, fertility, conception, and (often) term delivery. As part of this process, it facilitates major weight loss, reduction(disappearance) of excess body hair. 2) Metformin reduces the otherwise high long term risk of heart attack and stroke in PCOS by lowering insulin, lowering free testosterone, lowering blood pressure, lowering triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and PAI-1 while elevating HDL cholesterol. Safe and effective therapy with Metformin in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome reverses endocrinopathy, restores normal menstrual cycles, and restores fertility, allowing pregnancy."
http://blues.fd1.uc.edu./~gartsips/

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Metformin(Glucophag),InternationalAging Systems:"Metformin, an anti-diabetic biguanide drug, has recently been introduced in the United States for the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes (type II diabetes).In addition to its promise in treating diabetes, metformin may prove to be one of the most promising anti-aging; life extending drugs available! Metformin's mechanism of action is unlike other anti-diabetic drugs, like the sulfonylureas (e.g. Glyburide, Diabinase). The sulfonylueas act by increasing the output of insulin from the pancreas, kind of like putting the pancreas on the dining room table and going over it with a rolling pin, squeezing out whatever insulin remains in the already over worked pancreas. After a period of time, this often results in pancreatic failure, transforming a type II (non-insulin dependant) diabetic into a type 1 (insulin dependant) diabetic."
http://www.smart-drugs.com/Ward-Dean-metformin.htm

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Metformin(Glucophag),Advanced fertility.com:"A relatively new method of inducing ovulation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome is to use an oral medication called metformin with or without clomiphene citrate. Metformin has been used in the past as an oral agent to help control diabetes. Recently, it has been found to facilitate ovulation in some women with PCOS. Some women who do not ovulate after taking metformin will be able to ovulate when taking metformin in combination with clomiphene. Therefore using metformin would be a benefit to some women with polycystic ovarian syndrome by allowing them to potentially avoid the injectable FSH medications (if they prefer this approach)."
http://www.advancedfertility.com/metformin.htm

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Metformin(Glucophag),Dr. Michael Dube, of Indiana University and ACTG lipodystrophy researcher: "Lactic acidosis, which can be fatal, is a rare side effect of metformin that is more likely to occur when there is some impairment of kidney function. Lactic acidosis is also a rare side effect of use of nucleoside analogs. There is no way to know at this time if using the two together might result in more frequent or more severe lactic acidosis problems. In my opinion, metformin and NRTI's should therefore only be used together with great caution. Also, keep in mind that metformin can lower vitamin B12 levels."
http://www.natap.org/2000/july/metformin072800.htm

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Metformin(Glucophag),OB/Gyn.net:"Lowering insulin levels with metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome but without overt diabetes increases the likelihood of conception and reduces risk of miscarriage, researchers report here. "Getting patients pregnant is not the challenge in polycystic ovary syndrome, it's keeping them pregnant," Dr. Sills said, "so I think metformin can help us with both of these goals."
http://www.obgyn.net/infertility/news/sills_pressrelease.htm

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